Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of artificial intelligence, enabling natural language processing tasks that were previously thought to be exclusive to humans. In this work, we introduce Qwen, the first installment of our large language model series. Qwen is a comprehensive language model series that encompasses distinct models with varying parameter counts. It includes Qwen, the base pretrained language models, and Qwen-Chat, the chat models finetuned with human alignment techniques. The base language models consistently demonstrate superior performance across a multitude of downstream tasks, and the chat models, particularly those trained using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), are highly competitive. The chat models possess advanced tool-use and planning capabilities for creating agent applications, showcasing impressive performance even when compared to bigger models on complex tasks like utilizing a code interpreter. Furthermore, we have developed coding-specialized models, Code-Qwen and Code-Qwen-Chat, as well as mathematics-focused models, Math-Qwen-Chat, which are built upon base language models. These models demonstrate significantly improved performance in comparison with open-source models, and slightly fall behind the proprietary models.
Qwen1.5
Qwen1.5 is the beta version of Qwen2, a transformer-based decoder-only language model pretrained on a large amount of data. In comparison with the previous released Qwen, the improvements include:
8 model sizes, including 0.5B, 1.8B, 4B, 7B, 14B, 32B and 72B dense models, and an MoE model of 14B with 2.7B activated;
Significant performance improvement in human preference for chat models;
Multilingual support of both base and chat models;
Stable support of 32K context length for models of all sizes
We provide reference results for the classifical models, you can reproduce these results by following the aforementioned commands.
Base Models
dataset
qwen-1.8b-turbomind
qwen-7b-turbomind
qwen-14b-turbomind
qwen-72b-turbomind
mmlu
46.61
59.75
67.85
77.36
cmmlu
51.98
62.10
70.05
83.32
ceval-test
54.24
62.06
70.33
83.25
GaokaoBench
22.11
35.32
54.07
77.56
triviaqa
22.76
53.61
49.72
79.13
nq
5.68
17.87
13.77
18.20
race-high
63.09
80.30
88.11
90.62
winogrande
61.25
72.06
72.45
82.56
hellaswag
38.04
64.62
85.88
90.40
bbh
22.53
45.89
56.75
63.35
gsm8k
23.73
54.36
61.64
79.68
math
6.30
15.56
30.38
44.18
TheoremQA
9.38
15.00
21.62
27.12
humaneval
16.46
23.78
23.78
66.46
mbpp
2.72
46.69
55.64
65.76
lcbench
1.82
4.95
8.86
16.86
GPQA_diamond
28.79
24.75
27.78
31.31
dataset
qwen1.5-0.5b-hf
qwen1.5-1.8b-hf
qwen1.5-4b-hf
qwen1.5-7b-hf
qwen1.5-14b-hf
qwen1.5-32b-hf
qwen1.5-72b-hf
mmlu
39.98
47.14
57.03
62.15
69.10
73.88
77.02
cmmlu
46.05
57.45
66.38
71.86
76.95
81.58
83.00
ceval-test
48.36
58.67
66.55
72.49
76.93
82.50
83.03
GaokaoBench
30.67
35.66
54.31
65.99
66.60
79.01
80.26
triviaqa
21.24
34.32
44.59
56.60
59.96
56.20
77.81
nq
6.01
10.28
15.73
18.61
16.07
21.75
20.53
race-high
54.66
67.27
78.50
82.73
87.99
90.57
90.45
winogrande
57.38
60.46
65.90
70.01
72.93
78.69
80.74
hellaswag
29.19
42.32
55.89
68.51
83.86
87.28
90.41
bbh
20.54
27.01
34.81
39.87
50.38
67.47
58.81
gsm8k
13.27
34.87
47.61
54.36
63.53
72.71
79.53
math
4.16
11.32
17.50
17.34
36.18
45.74
41.56
TheoremQA
5.88
12.00
13.75
4.25
12.62
26.62
26.62
humaneval
8.54
23.17
41.46
53.05
57.32
70.12
65.85
mbpp
5.06
15.95
45.91
52.14
52.14
59.14
61.09
lcbench
0.87
2.00
5.65
6.69
12.69
14.34
15.29
GPQA_diamond
23.74
28.79
23.23
20.71
32.32
30.81
31.82
Chat Models
dataset
qwen1.5-0.5b-chat-hf
qwen1.5-1.8b-chat-hf
qwen1.5-4b-chat-hf
qwen1.5-7b-chat-hf
qwen1.5-14b-chat-hf
qwen1.5-32b-chat-hf
qwen1.5-72b-chat-hf
qwen1.5-110b-chat-hf
mmlu
35.32
45.62
55.90
61.79
67.96
75.36
77.24
77.95
cmmlu
31.55
48.93
58.53
68.78
75.07
80.39
82.48
86.46
ceval-test
36.88
55.17
61.54
68.71
74.80
80.47
81.53
87.33
GaokaoBench
21.51
46.19
59.11
70.55
80.39
86.15
88.58
89.59
triviaqa
19.84
35.81
48.93
53.65
62.58
74.72
83.25
86.20
nq
7.42
10.22
19.31
16.87
20.53
25.26
35.21
36.98
race-high
49.03
66.24
73.53
83.28
87.51
91.22
91.11
92.31
winogrande
50.51
51.07
57.54
65.27
70.09
77.90
80.82
82.32
hellaswag
29.60
41.71
60.45
71.58
79.70
88.56
89.37
91.11
bbh
24.12
26.82
43.15
38.12
55.38
69.28
72.97
71.04
gsm8k
8.79
27.60
47.61
56.25
64.90
79.91
77.03
79.53
math
0.56
4.94
7.34
22.14
32.22
41.80
45.22
54.38
TheoremQA
9.00
9.25
13.88
12.25
13.63
19.25
22.75
17.50
humaneval
9.15
15.85
30.49
40.85
50.00
57.93
60.37
65.24
mbpp
11.28
22.57
43.58
50.58
56.03
65.37
66.93
68.48
lcbench
0.00
1.65
5.56
8.78
14.42
10.78
18.77
34.58
GPQA_diamond
19.70
29.80
25.25
31.82
30.30
31.31
32.83
35.86
IFEval
13.12
16.08
25.51
38.82
42.51
49.54
51.02
55.08
Citation
@article{qwen,title={Qwen Technical Report},author={Jinze Bai and Shuai Bai and Yunfei Chu and Zeyu Cui and Kai Dang and Xiaodong Deng and Yang Fan and Wenbin Ge and Yu Han and Fei Huang and Binyuan Hui and Luo Ji and Mei Li and Junyang Lin and Runji Lin and Dayiheng Liu and Gao Liu and Chengqiang Lu and Keming Lu and Jianxin Ma and Rui Men and Xingzhang Ren and Xuancheng Ren and Chuanqi Tan and Sinan Tan and Jianhong Tu and Peng Wang and Shijie Wang and Wei Wang and Shengguang Wu and Benfeng Xu and Jin Xu and An Yang and Hao Yang and Jian Yang and Shusheng Yang and Yang Yao and Bowen Yu and Hongyi Yuan and Zheng Yuan and Jianwei Zhang and Xingxuan Zhang and Yichang Zhang and Zhenru Zhang and Chang Zhou and Jingren Zhou and Xiaohuan Zhou and Tianhang Zhu},journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2309.16609},year={2023}}